在词语利用题中，一样平常给出一篇难易适中的短文，然后根据短文内容设置不同的题型稽核考生的整体阅读能力和根本语法的利用能力，特殊是单词的词性和词形转化能力。它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。该题型紧张包括下面几种题型:根据首字母提示完成短文;从方框内选择适当的一单词用其精确形式完成短文;用所给词的适当形式填空等。
一、选词填空型词语利用
该题型的特点是给出一篇短文，中间去掉5至10个单词，同时在一个方框内给出5至12个单词。让考生根据短文的内容确定词义，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使文章完全畅通。
“选词填空”哀求学生利用所给的词汇(一样平常有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等)补全一篇有5至10个空缺的短文。要做好本题型，学生除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的措辞知识外，还需节制一定的解题技巧。
1.拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作大略的标记，同时对词义进行初步的理解。
2.通读高下文，充分理解短文内容，把稳创造固定搭配关系。凭借语感积极主动地预测空格中所缺的信息，根据须要去备选词汇中探求匹配的答案。
3.选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，须要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要担保句式构造的精确。
选定一个名词后，要考虑是否把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如:match→matches, friend→friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名同是否须要变成形容词，例如:sun→sunny, use→useful/useless/used, danger→dangerous。
碰着动词时，要故意识地去考虑时态和语态的变革以及非谓语动词形式的变革。
用形容词或副词填空时，要主动去剖断是否须要变成比较级或最高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词的哀求也要考虑。例如:interesting→more /the most interesting , happy→happily, happy→happiness。
填入代词时，需把稳辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法。
数词方面要把稳基数词和序数词的变革以及分数的表达法，例如:three→third, 2/3→two thirds。
不定冠词只须要在a或an之间判别，例如a girl/an old man。
当碰着介词和连词时，只要符合高下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。
为了方便影象，请记住下面的顺口溜:空前空后要把稳，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有's不能弃，“动词”把稳要变形，“形副”把稳要用三种级，要填“数词”请留神，千万别忘“基”和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变革要服膺。
4.完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校正。检讨单词拼写是否精确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的缺点，以确保答案的精确性。末了把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。
下面以2017年景都中考试题中的选词填空题为例，磋商这一题型的解题方法。
come different excite go good live loud low mean nature time west
An old saying goes, \公众When in Rome(罗马)，do as the Romans do.\"大众 I learned the 1 of this when I studied in Russia.
One day I invited some of my Chinese friends to a famous local restaurant in Moscow. My guests and I were 2 from visiting Red Square and happy about our meeting. We had a warm chat until the waiter told me that we were being too loud. We turned our voices 3 . But this didn't last long. The waiter came over to us two more 4 with the same message.
How bad an impression(印象)we must have left on the local people! In China, it's 5and important for a host to make a 6 atmosphere(气氛). However, in Russia and 7countries, having a meal in a public place means you must keep your voice low. You need to be polite to others.
I felt bad about this. Even though we tried our 8 ，it's very difficult to develop a new habit.
Russians have their own special habits. My Russian friend, Andrey always looks around and thinks for a while before leaving home. I asked him why he did this. \公众Aha, \"大众 Andrey said, \"大众in Russia, people always take about a minute 9 over things and plans in their minds before leaving. So they won’t leave anything necessary behind. \公众
Finding the 10 between cultures is much fun. I'd like to keep my eyes and mind open.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。紧张讲述的是作者和他的一些中国朋友在莫斯科的一家饭店就餐时，说话声音太大，给当地人留下了不好的印象。从而启迪我们去外地旅游学习，要做到入乡顺俗。
1. meaning。作者通过在俄罗斯学习期间的一次亲自经历，体会到“入乡顺俗”这句话的真正含义。故用名词meaning，意为“含义”。
2. excited。联系下文“他们谈天兴致很高，说话声音大”，可判断:他们在参不雅观完红场后见到彼此很激动。故用形容词excited，意为“激动的，愉快的”。
3. lower。联系上文“做事员见告我，我们说话声音太大”，可判断本句句意为:我们压低了说话声。故用形容词low的比较级形式lower,意为“(声音)更低的”。
4. times。由上句“这种情形没有持续太永劫光”，可判断本句句意为:做事员又为了同一目的，向我们提醒过两次。故用名词time的复数形式times，意为“次数”。
5. natural。nature意为“自然”，这里用其形容词形式natural，意为“自然的，正常的”。
6. lively。根据下文“在俄罗斯和西方国家的公开场合用餐时，必须压低说话声”，结合副词however(然而)表示迁移转变，可判断这里指“在中国用饭时气氛要生动”，故用形容词lively，意为“生动的”。
7. western o western country意为“西方国家”，故用名词west的形容同形式western o
8. best固定短语try one's best意为“尽某人最大努力”。
9. to go o take+韶光+to do sth.意为“花费韶光做某事”。
10. differences。本空缺少主语，故用形容词different的名词形式difference，意为“不同，差异”。
二、根据首字母提示填空完成短文
该题型的特点是将一篇短文的多少个词抽出，留下该词的第一个字母作为提示和限定，让考生根据短文的意思，把单词拼写完全，使短文前后高下意思连贯、畅通。该题型有非常好的信度和效度，又能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度。这种题型属于能力测试的范畴，它稽核的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其他学科。它哀求考生在充分理解短文的根本年夜将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文须要。这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限定，又是一种提示。
这种题型因难度相对较大，考生失落分征象比较严重。学生要仔细阅读全文，利用高下文供应的有关信息，仔细阅读干系句子，判断所缺单词的句子身分，才能写出精确答案。要做好此类题目，考生不但要有较强的语感，长于体会高下文的内在联系，而且还要有踏实的措辞知识储备和较大的词汇量。
如何提高学生对该题型的解题能力我们可以从以下几个方面入手。
1.通读短文知大意，全面理解文章。
与阅读理解题和完形填空题一样，首先要通读短文，理解文章的大意。每篇短文的段落之间承上启下、前呼后拥。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能理解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过，阅读的目的是对文章有个全面地理解，弄清中央思想和大意。
2.复读短文抓信息，前后照料巧猜词。
在理解了文章大意的条件之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的理解。在阅读时要特殊把稳一篇文章的开头(一样平常不设空)和结尾，它们能供应紧张的信息，帮助理解全文所描述的事宜或文章的中央思想。在阅读过程中，要把稳上、下文之间的关系，这对付把握文章的整体意义大有好处。
其余，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采取暂时回避的办法，待真正理解全文之后再找办理的方法。有些短文填空题，有时涌现约3%-5%的生词是正常的，这就哀求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以预测，确定词义。
3.反复考虑多剖析，慎重答题要合理。
对留空的句子进行全面剖析，看它在全文中所处的位置、浸染和意义。这一遍阅读哀求是精心阅读，要把稳找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并把稳单词的精确拼写形式。
4.负责复查全文，把握整体和词形来源。
做完往后，再负责读一遍，检讨所填写的单词是否与文章哀求符合，文章是否畅通，前后是否呼应，有无句型构造及语法缺点。在实际做题的过程中，很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词，但是问题每每涌如今单词的形式变革上。比如填以q开头的单词，哀求填写quickly，然而多数考生只知道填写 quick，忽略了词性问题。因此，寻思熟虑很主要。
下面以2017年山东莱芜中考试题中的词语利用题为例，磋商这一题型的解题方法。
More than 95% of the people in the world have phones today. They help us easily make contact(联系)with others. It means that we h 1 write letters now. But a TV show, Letters Alive, is bringing b 2 this old habit.
The show is loved by people around China. It invites famous actors and actresses, one person walks up to a microphone(麦克风)and reads a 1 3 . The letters were w 4 by people from different times in history. We can experience the real lives and feelings of the writers.
Besides it, another TV show, Readers, is also p 5 . It invites different people to read aloud on the stage, and t 6 the touching stories behind them. They can read anything, like poems and bunks. Now the s 7 gives people a special place, a reading pavilion(朗读亭)，to read all over China. Reading pavilions are now in some c 8 like Shanghai, Hangzhou and Xi'an. The pavilion is quite s 9 . Only one person can come into it each time. A microphone in it records people' s voices. Some of the readers will be picked and invited to r 10 on TV
Cultural values and true feelings are the keys to winning praise. Both shows are leading Chinese people to enjoy reading. In fact, this is also what our country is trying to do now.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇解释文，先容了现在人们紧张是通过手机相互联系，很少给别人写信进行互换。但是两个电视节目《见字如面》和《朗读者》则把我们带回到了过去。这两个节目旨在勾引我们中国人喜好阅读、看重文化代价和真正的感情。
1. hardly。根据上文中的“More than 95% of the people in the world have phones today.”可知，现在天下上大多数人通过电话联系，故该当是险些不再写信了。故填hardly，意为“险些不”。
2. back。bring back意为“带回”。
3. letter。根据高下文可知这个节目的播出目的是为了唤回人们对信的影象。故填letter,意为“信”。
4. written。主语letters和谓语动词write之间是被动关系，故用一样平常过去时的被动语态。故动词write要用其过去分词形式written。
5. popular。popular意为“盛行的，受欢迎的”。
6. tell。tell stories意为“讲故事”。这里是invite sb. to do sth.意为“约请某人做某事”，tell和前面的动词read并列。
7. show。 show为名词，意为“节目”。
8. cities。结合后面的Shanghai, Hangzhou and Xi'an可知用名词的复数形式cities，意为“城市”。
9. small。由下文中的“Only one person can come into it each time.”可知，一次只能进一个人，可判断句意为:这个朗读亭非常小。small意为“小的”。
10. read。be invited to do sth.意为“被约请做某事”，故本空填动词原形read。
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空完成短文
该题型紧张以稽核动词的词形变革为主，有时也稽核形容词、名词和代词(反身代词)等的词形变革。做好这类题目紧张从以下几个方面入手。
1.闇练节制动词词形变革规律。
在用动词填空时，首先应考虑是用作谓语还是用作非谓语，若用作谓语则考虑语态、时态和人称等，若用作非谓语则考虑是用分词、动名词还是不定式。
2.闇练节制构词法知识。
构词法包括动词、形容词、名词、副词等的相互转换。在词形变革时，首先要根据句义判断词义，然后根据词义推断词性，末了再根据词性写出词形，如:用名词填空时，要考虑可数和不可数，可数名词考虑单数还是复数;用形容词和副词填空时，需考虑它们之间的相互转换，是用原级、比较级还是用最高级以及变革规律;用代词填空时，要考虑人称代词和物主代词的转换，人称代词的主、宾格形式，反身代词形式，形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词形式等。
3.把稳一些细节问题。
如名词的单复数是否有误，动词的第三人称单数或过去式是否精确，以及单词拼写是否有误等。
下面以2017年山东滨州中考试题中的干系试题为例，磋商这一题型的解题方法。
I was feeling a little sad because my mother had lost her job. One day, while I (1)
(walk) on the street, I heard that a beautiful piece of piano music (2) (play) above thenoise of the people. I walked more slowly (3) (find) out where it was coming from. Then I saw a young lady sitting at a piano.
She was singing songs about love, believing in yourself and keeping on (4) (try). The way she was singing made me (5) (relax). I stood there quietly, watching her playing on such a crowded New York square. I thought that she must be brave enough to perform in front of so many people.
She noticed me, I walked over and (6) (tell) her how good her music sounded. \"大众Thank you.\"大众 she said. \公众I have been going through a hard time recently, but you've made me hopeful again.\"大众 I said to her.
\"大众I'm glad that I could help.\"大众 She replied. \"大众Why are you so sad?\公众
\"大众Well, my mum (7) (lose) her job, and I'm not so sure what to do...\公众
\"大众Did you notice the way you were walking? Your head was down.\公众 she said. \"大众(8)
(not be) upset, because opportunity comes in different ways and if your head is down, you might not see it. You (9) (smile) more...lift your head up.\公众
I looked at her, amazed at how she was encouraging me. \"大众Why (10) you
(play) the piano here now?\公众 I asked her with a smile.
She explained that she saw a lot of unhappy people in the world and she tried to cheer them up by playing music.
I smiled a little wider, realizing that no difficulties could stop me from going on.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。在这篇短文中作者紧张阐述了当母亲失落业，自己在心情低落时，碰着了一位街头演奏钢琴的女士。通过这位女士的琴声及这位女士所说的话，作者重新燃起了生活的希望。
1. was walking。剖析该句的句子构造可知，此句为while勾引的韶光状语从句，主句为一样平常过去时，从句用过去进行时表示动作正在进行。主语为I，故用was walking。
2. was being played。句子的主语music和谓语动词play为被动关系，联系高下文可知，钢琴曲正在被弹，是发生在过去正在进行的动作，又根据主语music为不可数名词，故用was being played。
3. to find。此处用不定式to do作目的状语。
4. trying。keep on doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“坚持做某事”。
5. relax/relaxed。make sb. do/+形容词，为固定搭配，意为“使某人(做)……”，relax为动词，意为“放松”;其形容词形式relaxed润色人，意为“放松的”。
6. told。此处told与and前的walked并列。
7. has lost。由文中第一句话“I was feeling a little sad because my mother had lost her job.\"大众
可知答案，此处用现在完成时表达过去发生的动为难刁难现在造成的影响或结果。
8. Don't be。该句为祈使句，构成“Don't+动词原形”构造。句意为“不要难过”。
9. should smile。联系上文“不要难过，由于机会以不同的办法涌现，如果你聋拉着头你可能看不到它”可知，此处表示提出建议，用should smile，句意“你该当多微笑……抬起你的头”。
10. are; playing。由韶光状语now可知，此处用现在进行时，主语是you，以是be动词用are。
四、自由填空完成短文
自由填空完成短文是在不给任何备选答案，也不给任何提示的情形下填空。该题型难度较大，主不雅观性较强，有时可能涌现多种答案。做这种题的方法是:先通读全文，理解大意。然后再根据先易后难的原则，仔细考虑出答案，末了还要复读全文，验证答案。做题时要把稳:
1.剖析句子构造。通过剖析句子构造弄清楚要填的词在句中充当什么身分。若是作主语或宾语，要填的应该是名词或代词;如果作谓语，要填的就应是动词;如果在名词前作定语或者在系动词后作表语，要填的应该是形容词。
2.考虑词形变革。切不可一确定词义就填，还要考虑词形变革。
3.把稳固定搭配。如be interested in, at least, take care of, get on well with等。
4.利用高下文语境。便是利用高下文的意思与构造来填空。有时还要结合知识进行大略的逻辑推理才能准确判断出答案。
下面以2017年重庆中考试题中的干系试题为例，磋商这一题型的解题方法。
When you talk with someone, you'll need to end your conversation at some point. And there are many reasons why you need to do that. Either you or the other person may need to continue an activity such 1 working or shopping. Or you may have run out of things to say. You just want to keep the conversation short.
But 2 do you end a conversation in a polite way? It may depend on where and how the conversation started. It may also depend on your relationship with the 3 person. If you already know that person, you can just say, \"大众I need to run now.\"大众 Or you can say, \"大众 I'll catch you later.\"大众 You may also give a reason for ending the conversation. \"大众I really need to go- my piano class starts in ten 4 . \"大众
Perhaps you just meet someone in a social situation, and you have a nice talk. But then you have to go. You can say, \公众It was nice meeting you. Maybe we can talk happily 5 sometime in the future.\"大众
Another way to end a conversation is to make it easy for the other person to 6 .If you see the other person is already not patient, you can say, \"大众Well, I'm sure you have a lot to do today.\公众
You could use these 7 to end a conversation, and you should notice that others may also use them. 8 they do so, you should know that it's time for you to stop and get on with your day.
【主旨大意】当你和某人交谈时，你须要在某个时候结束你的发言。你之以是这么做实在有很多缘故原由。不管是你或者其他人都须要这么做。
1. as。上文见告我们在必要的时候结束发言，下文列举了须要结束发言的缘故原由。表列举用such as，故填as。
2. how。第一段讲述缘故原由，下文就讲述若何礼貌的结束发言。从下文“It may depend on where and how the conversation started.”可以判断出这里讲若何结束发言，故填how。
3. other。根据社会知识可知，只有与其他人才能进行对话和互换，故填other符合题意。
4. minutes。句意:我须要离开了，由于我的钢琴课在 4 要开始。不可能是10天，10个月，也不可能是10秒钟，只有10分钟才符合题意。
5. again。 sometime in the future表示往后的某一韶光，可知该当是下次或再一次互换，故填again 。
6. leave。根据“If you see the other person is already not patient, you can say,‘Well, I'm sure you have a lot to do today.’”可以判断出是为对方的离开找借口，以是填leave比较得当。
7.ideas。上文第二、三、四段都是讲在某个特定时候结束发言的一些主张和做法，再根据句子中的these可知本空填ideas。
8. If。剖析该句构造可知该句为主从复合句，前句为条件，后句为结果，故填if得当。
